Subscription → Revenue: $18,284MRevenue → Gross profit: $17,055MGross profit → Operating expenses: $10,405MGross profit → Operating profit: $6,650MOperating profit → Net profit: $5,428MOperating expenses → Sales & marketing: $5,351MOperating expenses → Research & development: $3,473MRevenue → Cost of revenue: $2,354MCost of revenue → Subscription costs: $1,822MOperating expenses → General & admin.: $1,413MOperating profit → Tax: $1,371MServices & other → Revenue: $665MCost of revenue → Services & other costs: $503MProduct → Revenue: $460MOperating expenses → Amortization of intangibles: $168MNon operating profit → Operating profit: $149MCost of revenue → Product costs: $29MSubscription: $18,284MRevenue: $19,409MProduct: $460MServices & other: $665MCost of revenue: $2,354MSubscription costs: $1,822MProduct costs: $29MServices & other costs: $503MGross profit: $17,055MOperating profit: $6,799MOperating expenses: $10,405MNet profit: $5,428MTax: $1,371MNon operating profit: $149MResearch & development: $3,473MSales & marketing: $5,351MGeneral & admin.: $1,413MAmortization of intangibles: $168MSubscription$18,284M12% Y/YRevenue$19,409M10% Y/YProduct$460M-14% Y/YServices & other$665M-3% Y/YCost of revenue$2,354M9% Y/YSubscription costs$1,822M11% Y/YProduct costs$29M-17% Y/YServices & other costs$503M4% Y/YGross profit$17,055M10% Y/YOperating profit$6,799M11% Y/YOperating expenses$10,405M11% Y/YNet profit$5,428M14% Y/YTax$1,371M10% Y/YNon operating profit$149MResearch & development$3,473M16% Y/YSales & marketing$5,351M8% Y/YGeneral & admin.$1,413M16% Y/YAmortization of intangibles$168M-1% Y/YAdobe FY23 Income Statement